A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF POLICE AUTHORITY IN ARRESTS WITHIN NIGERIAN JURISDICTION

Abstract

This paper delves into the historical evolution of policing, tracing its origins from ancient times to contemporary law enforcement agencies. The term "police" originated in 18th-century France, defining a government organization responsible for maintaining law and order through the efforts of police officers and officials. Policing has a rich history dating back to 3000 B.C, with the Roman vigils establishing the first organized police force. In England, during the 1600s, citizen groups known as vigilantes emerged in response to high crime rates, while the English watch system was adopted in America. Notably, Sir Robert Peel introduced the Metropolitan Police Force in England, colloquially referred to as "Bobbies," signifying a significant development in modern policing. The narrative then shifts to Nigeria, where the establishment of the Nigerian Police Force (NPF) predates the 1999 Nigerian constitution. Before British colonization, law and order in Nigeria were maintained through traditional institutions and the age-grade system. With the arrival of the British, the police system transitioned from local chiefs to the colonial administration. William McCoskry, the first acting Governor of Lagos, established the Hausa constabulary/Lagos Police Force in 1861, marking a pivotal moment in Nigerian policing history.