Wound infections pose a significant global health challenge, exacerbated by the alarming rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The increasing ineffectiveness of conventional antibiotics necessitates the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies, particularly those derived from natural sources. This research investigates the antibacterial properties of Vigna subterranea (Bambara nut) leaf extract against common wound-infecting bacteria, focusing on MDR strains. The study employed a comprehensive approach, including phytochemical analysis, antibacterial testing using the disk diffusion and microdilution methods, and a comparative analysis against standard antibiotics. Vigna subterranea leaf extract demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values ranging from 500 µg/mL to 600 µg/mL. The extract exhibited limited effectiveness against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids, suggesting their potential contribution to the observed antibacterial properties. These findings highlight the potential of Vigna subterranea leaf extract as a natural antibacterial agent for wound management, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus. The extract's safe profile, broad availability, and potential synergistic effects with existing treatments make it a promising candidate for development as a topical wound treatment. Further research is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms of action, optimize its therapeutic potential, and establish its clinical relevance through in vivo and clinical trials. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on plant-based antimicrobial agents, providing a potential solution to the critical challenge of antibiotic resistance in wound infections. The exploration of Vigna subterranea leaf extract offers a promising avenue for developing sustainable and accessible treatment options for wound management, particularly in resource-limited settings.
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