Poor oral hygiene is a growing concern among the elderly, contributing to a range of dental and systemic health issues. This paper explores how inadequate oral care—due to lifestyle habits, infections, or limited access to dental services—leads to common dental conditions such as periodontal disease, dental caries, gum recession, edentulism, xerostomia, and oral cancer. These issues not only impact oral function and quality of life but are also linked to serious systemic conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, kidney disease, dementia, and aspiration pneumonia. The review highlights the critical connection between oral and general health in aging populations. It emphasizes the importance of regular dental care, early detection, and targeted public health interventions. Collaborative efforts between dental and general healthcare providers, along with routine dental checkups and hygiene education, are recommended to prevent complications and enhance overall well-being among the elderly