The shortage of healthcare providers (HCPs) in rural communities is a global problem. This study reviews the literature on the reasons why HCPs prefer to work in urban settings rather than rural communities. The main reasons include: poor living conditions, insecure environments, insufficient medical equipment, lack of opportunities for career development, and poor remuneration/reimbursement. Other factors include the low enrollment of AI/ANs students to medical school and other professions, and the lack of culturally competent providers. The study concludes that a combination of factors contribute to the shortage of HCPs in rural communities, and that interventions are needed to address these factors.