This study explores the impact of climate change on energy security in Sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the vulnerability of hydropower systems and the region's adaptation strategies. Climate change, marked by altered precipitation patterns, rising temperatures, and extreme weather events, poses significant challenges to energy production, particularly in countries reliant on hydropower. The paper investigates the consequences of fluctuating water availability and temperature rises on energy infrastructure, with particular emphasis on coastal areas vulnerable to sea-level rise and storms. It highlights key adaptation strategies, including improved water management, energy diversification through renewables, and regional cooperation. The role of technological innovations, such as climate forecasting and water resource modeling, in enhancing energy resilience is also discussed. The study concludes that while progress has been made, further investment in sustainable and resilient energy systems is critical to mitigate the risks posed by climate change and secure long-term energy supply in the region