Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is a prevalent secondary glomerular disease, characterized by inflammatory changes in the kidneys stemming from Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Over the past decade, despite advances in renal biopsy technology and the shifting landscape of kidney diseases, HSPN continues to be a significant public health concern. Among patients undergoing renal biopsy, allergic purpura nephritis, including HSPN, remains the most common pathological diagnosis, especially in children aged 6 to 13 years. Clinical presentations typically encompass asymptomatic hematuria and proteinuria, accompanied by extrarenal symptoms such as skin hemorrhagic spots, joint swelling and pain, abdominal discomfort, and dark stools. Serological analysis reveals the presence of IgA-containing immune complexes, electron microscopy identifies mesangial cell and matrix hyperplasia, and electron dense precipitations resembling immune complexes are observed. Treatment strategies vary based on the severity of proteinuria, with options including ACEI/ARB for mild cases and glucocorticoid-based regimens for those with persistent proteinuria. However, these approaches are limited by high recurrence rates and potential adverse reactions. Therefore, there is a pressing need for more effective prevention and treatment methods.